Who authored "The Condition of the Working Class in England"?

The correct answer is Friedrich Engels. He authored "The Condition of the Working Class in England," published in 1845. This work provides a detailed examination of the living conditions faced by the working class in England during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution. Engels based his observations on his experiences and research in England, highlighting issues such as poverty, health problems, and the exploitation of workers within rapidly industrializing cities.

Engels’ analysis played a vital role in shaping the social and political theories of the time, specifically concerning class struggle and the critiques of capitalism. His collaboration with Karl Marx also led to the development of key Marxist ideas, particularly regarding class consciousness and the proletariat's role in society.

In contrast, other authors listed contributed to different areas of thought. Karl Marx is best known for his foundational works on capitalism and socialism, but he did not write this particular text. John Stuart Mill focused on utilitarianism and individual rights, while Adam Smith primarily laid the groundwork for classical economics with his seminal work "The Wealth of Nations." Thus, Engels' focused documentation of working conditions distinguishes his work as essential for understanding the impact of industrialization on the labor force.