How were living conditions typically described in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution?

Living conditions in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution were primarily characterized as overcrowded and unsanitary. Rapid urbanization led to a significant influx of people seeking jobs in factories, resulting in densely populated neighborhoods.

These urban areas often lacked adequate housing, leading to the construction of tenements and poorly built homes that could accommodate many families. Such living arrangements were frequently cramped, with multiple families sharing small spaces and limited privacy. Furthermore, basic infrastructure such as sanitation facilities, clean water supply, and waste disposal systems were often inadequate or nonexistent. This created an environment ripe for the spread of disease, as poor sanitary conditions contributed to public health crises.

Overall, these adverse conditions starkly contrasted with the more idyllic or pastoral living scenarios suggested by some of the other options, which are not representative of the typical experiences of industrial city residents during this period.